A Review of the NIST Lightweight Cryptography Finalists and Their Fault Analyses

The security of resource-constrained devices is critical in the IoT field, given that everything interconnected. Therefore, National Institute Standards and Technology (NIST) initialized lightweight cryptography (LWC) project to standardize algorithms for devices. After two rounds, NIST announced finalists 2021. finalist are Ascon, Elephant, GIFT-COFB, Grain-128AEAD, ISAP, PHOTON-Beetle, Romulus, SPARKLE, TinyJambu, Xoodyak. final round competition still progress, will select winner based on their third-party evaluations. In this paper, we review 10 mentioned above, discuss constructions, classify them according underlying primitives. particular, analyze these ciphers from different perspectives, such as cipher specifications structures, design primitives, parameters, advantages disadvantages, existing cryptanalyses. We also analyses with a specific focus fault attacks. hope study compiled paper benefit cryptographic community by providing an easy-to-grasp overview LWC finalists.